This map shows the risk to buildings and their occupants due to earthquake ground shaking in West Bank and Gaza in terms of average annual losses (USD and loss of life) and an integrated seismic risk index.

A regional probabilistic seismic risk assessment has been undertaken with the OpenQuake-engine (Pagani et al., 2014; Silva et al., 2014), by combining the seismic hazard model used to produce the seismic hazard map with the residential, commercial and industrial exposure models and physical seismic vulnerability models (Martins and Silva, 2020), to calculate the average annual losses (economic losses and fatalities). The total (or integrated) seismic risk of communities has been calculated by combining the average annual losses (normalised to indices with min-max scaling) with the social vulnerability index (SVI) through the so-called Moncho’s equation (Carreno et al., 2012).

References

Carreno M.L., Cardona O.D., Barbat A.H. (2012) “New methodology for urban seismic risk assessment from a holistic perspective,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, DOI: 10.1007/s10518-011-9302-2

Martins L. and Silva V. (2020) “Development of a fragility and vulnerability model for global seismic risk analyses,” Bulletin of Earthquake Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10518-020-00885-1

Pagani, M., Monelli, D., Weatherill, G., Danciu, L., Crowley, H., Silva, V., Henshaw, P., Butler, L., Nastasi, M., Panzeri, L., Simionato, M. and Vigano, D., (2014) “OpenQuake Engine: An open hazard (and risk) software for the Global Earthquake Model,” Seismological Research Letters, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp 692-702.

Silva V., Crowley H., Pagani M., Monelli D. and Pinho R. (2014) “Development of the OpenQuake engine, the Global Earthquake Model’s open-source software for seismic risk assessment,” Natural Hazards, 72(3), pp. 1409–1427, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11069-013-0618-x